伪狂犬病病毒gB蛋白抗原表位基因串联构建及原核表达

本试验通过自行设计两段引物,利用重叠延伸PCR方法,将伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gB基因两段优势抗原表位序列串联,克隆至pMD18-T载体,测序正确后双酶切连接至pET-32a(+)载体,构建重组质粒;重组质粒转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)受体菌,经IPTG诱导后,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测融合蛋白表达情况。经检测,诱导后的重组蛋白获得表达,重组蛋白大小约为54ku,其中串联蛋白大小约为34ku。该重组蛋白可与伪狂犬病病毒gB蛋白单克隆抗体发生特异性反应,表明重组蛋白的抗原性良好。     

Study on Biological Characteristics and Drug Sensitivity of Haemophilus parasuis Isolated in Sichuan Province

The study was aimed to investigate the biological characsteristics and drug sensitive tests of Haemophilus parasuis isolated in Sichuan province.This paper reported the biological characteristics,16S rRNA gene PCR and drug sensitive test of the isolates by technique of microbiological and molecular biology.The results showed that the isolates had micro anaerobic and could produce satellite phenomenon,the isolates were just same in biochemical characteristics with field isolates in other area.All the isolates amplified 821 bp 16S rRNA gene.And drug sensitive tests showed that the isolates were highly sensitive to cefradine,ampicillin,cefradine,amoxicillin,cefaclor,ofloxacin,cefotaxime and furadantin,the sensitive rate was 75.61% to 87.80%,but the isolates were high resistance to lincomycin,carbenicillin,enrofloxacin,amikacin and sulfamethoxazole,and multiple-drug resistance was found among the isolates,the number of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics were more between five and eight,the resisitance strains were 21.95% to 30.49%,7 isolates were even resistant to 13 antibiotics.The results showed the phenomenon of drug resistance of the isolates was very serious.     

乙酰化处理对樟子松木材耐光性和热稳定性的影响

【目的】探讨乙酰化处理对人工林木材耐光性和热稳定性的影响,为木材颜色调控技术及高耐光染色木材的研发提供理论依据。【方法】以樟子松木粉为试样,加入乙酸酐和二甲苯溶液,在120℃条件下分别反应5,10,20,40,60 min,测试乙酰化处理时间对木粉增重率的影响;分别称取1 g经不同时间乙酰化处理的木粉和未处理木粉,置于 UV老化试验箱内辐射100 h,利用红外光谱分析 UV辐射前后乙酰化木粉化学官能团的变化,通过热重和扫描电镜分析乙酰化木粉的热稳定性及其形貌变化。【结果】随着乙酰化处理时间的延长,樟子松木粉的增重率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,在处理40 min 时木粉增重率最大;乙酰化木粉在1741 cm －1和1385 cm －1处的CO,C—H特征吸收峰强度均大于原木粉,处理时间40 min 时木粉的吸收峰强度最大;UV 辐射后,乙酰化木粉在1508 cm －1处木质素苯环特征吸收峰强度明显大于原木粉,处理时间40 min 时木粉的吸收峰强度最大,表明木粉经乙酰化处理后光稳定性得到提升;热重分析显示,经乙酰化处理后,木粉热分解所需的温度明显提高,表明乙酰化木粉的热稳定性好于原木粉;扫描电镜分析表明,乙酰化处理可增强木粉微观构造抵抗光劣化的能力。【结论】乙酰化处理能有效抑制樟子松木材的光降解反应并提升其热稳定性。     

不同林龄马尾松生长及生物量分配研究

对渝东重庆石柱林场不同林龄(8a、20 a、30 a)马尾松生长及生物量分配状况研究,结果表明:①马尾松的胸径和树高在幼龄林(8a)和中龄林(20a)生长速度最快,材积量则在成熟期(30a)达到最大.②马尾松各器官生物量和总量随着林龄的增加而增加,树干的生物量增长速度最快,在成熟期最高,达到72.68％.③各林龄马尾松林内,各层次生物量的高低排序都为乔木层、枯落物层、草本层、灌木层;乔木层生物量和林地地上总生物量均随着林龄的增加而增加,并占有绝对的优势;灌木层、草本层和枯落物层占地上部分总生物量比重则逐渐降低.④马尾松林的地上部分各林层的净生产力在中龄林的高低排序都为乔木层、枯落物层、草本层、灌木层,幼龄林和成熟林则表现为乔木层、草本层、枯落物层、灌木层;乔木层生产力在地上总生产力中占绝对比重.     

核桃坚果水浸液对4种植物种子萌发及生长的影响

为探究核桃果实不同部位水浸液对植物种子萌发及生长的影响,本试验以莴笋、萝卜、马蹄金、野牛草4种种子为试材,对其进行核桃种子、种仁及种皮的水浸液浸泡处理,进而研究核桃果实不同部位水浸液的化感作用,旨在探讨核桃水浸液对4种植物种子萌发及生长的影响。结果表明,在特定浓度下,核桃种子的水浸液对莴笋、萝卜、马蹄金、野牛草种子萌发均起到抑制作用,对萝卜幼苗生长的抑制作用大于莴笋幼苗的生长,对马蹄金和野牛草种子生长的抑制作用大于莴笋和萝卜。核桃种仁的水浸液对幼苗生长的抑制作用大于其余2个部位的影响,表现为:核桃种仁大于核桃种壳和核桃种子。本研究探索了核桃种子水浸液的化感作用及抑制植物种子萌发的物质,为农作物间作套种、化感抗害提供了依据和指导。     

压力补偿式灌水器补偿腔结构参数对颗粒运动的影响

为解决颗粒在迷宫流道压力补偿式灌水器内大量沉积或堵塞以致影响灌水器正常工作的问题,采用FSI模拟固定垫片变形后,基于CFD-DEM耦合模拟,经试验对比验证其可靠性后,设计单因素及Box-Behnken响应面试验,分析了压力补偿腔内副流道截面积、压力补偿腔出口直径、压力补偿腔直径3个结构参数及其交互作用对灌水器抗堵塞性能的影响,通过建立回归模型预测灌水器颗粒停留率,综合判断灌水器的抗堵塞性能。结果表明：副流道截面积由0.018 mm²提升至0.054 mm²时,颗粒停留率降低5.09个百分点;压力补偿腔出口直径由1.4 mm下降至0.8 mm时,颗粒停留率降低2.87个百分点;且颗粒沉积受副流道截面积和压力补偿腔出口直径、副流道截面积和压力补偿腔直径两种交互作用影响显著,交互影响下颗粒停留率最低为7.67%。拟合出颗粒停留率与压力补偿腔内副流道截面积、压力补偿腔出口直径、压力补偿腔直径3个结构参数的回归方程,可用于评判和预测灌水器抗堵塞性能,且推荐了一组副流道面积为0.051 mm²、压力补偿腔出口直径为0.894 mm、...     

病害胁迫下玉米LAI遥感反演研究

为了在病害发生条件下进行玉米LAI的遥感估算,针对41个不同抗性的玉米自交系品种,通过人工接种方法,获得了不同病害严重程度(1～9级)的LAI数据,同时采集了地面高光谱和无人机多光谱数据,构建了K近邻算法、支持向量机、梯度提升分类树和决策分类树分类模型对病害进行分类,对玉米种质资源抗病性进行了划分。基于不同玉米病害胁迫程度分类结果,采用随机森林回归、梯度提升回归树、极端梯度增强算法、轻量梯度提升机4种机器学习模型对玉米LAI进行反演,讨论了不同模型在病害胁迫下的鲁棒性。研究结果表明,对不同生育期玉米病害程度进行划分,基于地面高光谱识别精度分别为84.72%(梯度提升分类树)、47.67%(支持向量机)、55.05%(K近邻算法)、83.02%(决策分类树)。基于病害分类结果,本文利用无人机多光谱数据估算了不同病情等级胁迫下的玉米LAI。构建了4种集成学习模型对不同病情等级的LAI进行估算,4个LAI反演模型的总体反演精度(rRMSE)分别为：19.11%(梯度提升回归树)、15.94%(轻量梯度提升机)、14.51%(随机森林回归)和15.45%(极端梯度增强算法)。其中极端梯度增强算...     

变温度-风速模拟条件下微润灌工况自适应调节机理

通过模拟光照、吹风改变蒸发强度,对比分析了4种蒸发条件(CK、光照(L)、吹风(W)、光照+吹风(LW))下微润灌入渗速率以及湿润体变化特征。结果表明,常温下微润灌累积入渗量与时间呈显著线性相关关系(决定系数R²>0.99),符合Philip入渗模型水平吸渗项入渗规律;微润管出流速率因多孔介质管壁穿透入渗、管周土壤水分入渗分别随时间呈现出初期骤增、线性减小的演变规律;改变上边界条件后各处理蒸发均显著增大,然而入渗速率只随温度增加而提高,吹风带走土表热量,入渗速率反而减小;光照期间,L、LW处理入渗速率分别增长56.56%、29.51%;撤去光照2 h后,LW处理蒸发强度不变,入渗速率骤降5.90%,揭示了微润灌对温度响应的敏感性远高于上边界蒸发。湿润锋运移距离与时间呈显著幂函数关系,温度提高后入渗速率增加促进了湿润锋运移,温差和重力势共同驱动下水分向背离热源方向移动,光照处理中湿润锋水平运移距离D_horiz、垂直向下运移距离D_down较预测值分别增长75.81%、99.30%。该研究揭示了源于辐射的地温变化在微润灌...     

新疆生产建设兵团葡萄种植布局综合评价研究

葡萄是新疆生产建设兵团林果业的主导产业之一,兵团葡萄在新疆和全国占有重要地位。本研究在基于层次分析法的鲜食葡萄生态适宜性评价、综合比较优势指数的鲜食葡萄比较优势分析和成本收益的市场需求分析基础上,开展的兵团鲜食葡萄种植布局综合评价,研究结果表明：鲜食葡萄优良种植区域集中在天山北麓、伊犁河谷与吐哈盆地的农四师、农六师、农八师、农十三师等为鲜食葡萄重点生产地区,评价结果与生产实际总体相一致,为兵团鲜食葡萄种植布局优化提供可量化的参考依据。     

A systematic and quantitative approach to improve water use efficiency in agriculture

As the competition for the finite water resources on earth increases due to growth in population and affluence, agriculture is faced with intensifying pressure to improve the efficiency of water used for food production. The causes for the relatively low water use efficiency in agriculture are numerous and complex, including environmental, biological, engineering, management, social, and economic facets. The complexity of the problem, with its myriads of local variations, requires a comprehensive conceptual framework of the underlying physical and biological processes as the basis to analyze the existing situation and quantify the efficiencies, and to plan and execute improvements. This paper proposes such a framework, based on the simple fact that the overall efficiency of any process consisting of a chain of sequential step is the product of the efficiency (i.e., output/input ratio) of its individual component steps. In most cases of water use, a number of process chains, both branching and merging, are involved. Means to integrate the diverging and converging chains are developed and presented as equations. Upscaling from fields to regions and beyond are discussed. This chain of efficiencies approach is general and can be applied to any process composed of chains of sequential steps. Here the framework is used to analyze the systems of irrigated and dryland crop production, and animal production on rangeland. Range of plausible efficiencies of each step is presented as tables, with values separately for the poor and for the good situation of circumstances, management and technology. Causes of the differences in efficiency of each step, going from water delivery to soil water extraction, transpiration, photosynthesis, and conversion to crop biomass and yield, and to animal product are briefly discussed. Sample calculations are made to demonstrate how modest differences in the efficiencies of the component steps are manifested as large to huge differences in the overall efficiency. Based on an equation quantifying the impact of changes in efficiency of component steps on the overall efficiency, it is concluded that generally, it is more effective to made modest improvements in several or more steps than to concentrate efforts to improve one or two steps. Hence, improvement efforts should be systematic and not overly concentrated on one or two components. The potential use of the same equation as the point of departure to optimize the allocation of economic resource among the component steps to maximize the improvement in the overall water use efficiency is elaborated on. The chain of efficiencies framework provides the means to examine the current levels of efficiency along the pathways of agricultural water use, to analyze where inefficiencies lie by comparing with the range of known efficiency values in the tables presented, to assess the potential improvements that may be achieved in various parts and their impact on the overall efficiency, and to aid in the optimal allocation of resources for improvements.

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